Apparatus, system and method of beam selection for beamformed diversity wireless communication

ABSTRACT

Some demonstrative embodiments include devices, systems and/or methods of beam selection for beamformed communication. For example, an apparatus may include a controller to control a plurality of antenna subarrays to form a plurality of directional beams for communicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmission over a plurality of selected directional links, which are selected based on at least one predefined selection metric.

CROSS REFERENCE

This application claims the benefit of and priority from U.S.Provisional Patent Application No. 61/723,808 entitled “Apparatus,System and Method of Beam Selection for Multi-Input-Multi-Output (MIMO)Beamformed Communication”, filed Nov. 8, 2012, the entire disclosure ofwhich is incorporated herein by reference.

TECHNICAL FIELD

Embodiments described herein generally relate to beam selection forbeamformed diversity wireless communication.

BACKGROUND

Some wireless communication systems may communicate over the Millimeterwave (mmWave) frequency band, e.g., the 60 GHz Frequency band. A mmWavepropagation has a few major distinctive features in comparison withlower frequency bands, e.g., the frequency bands of 2.4-5 GHz. Forexample, the mmWave propagation may have a propagation loss greater thanthe propagation loss in the lower frequency bands, and may haveQuasi-optical propagation properties.

A mmWave communication system may use high-gain directional antennas tocompensate for large path loss and/or employ beam-steering techniques.Design of appropriate antenna system and/or further signal processingmay be an important aspect of mmWave communication system development.

Multi-element phased antenna arrays may be used, for example, forcreation of a directional antenna pattern. A phased antenna array mayform a directive antenna pattern or a beam, which may be steered bysetting appropriate signal phases at the antenna elements.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

For simplicity and clarity of illustration, elements shown in thefigures have not necessarily been drawn to scale. For example, thedimensions of some of the elements may be exaggerated relative to otherelements for clarity of presentation. Furthermore, reference numeralsmay be repeated among the figures to indicate corresponding or analogouselements. The figures are listed below.

FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram illustration of a system, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 2 is a schematic illustration of a plurality of directional links,in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 3 is a schematic illustration of a structure of a beam refinementelement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 4 is a schematic structure of a channel measurement feedbackelement, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 5 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of beamselection for multi-beam beamformed communication, in accordance withsome demonstrative embodiments.

FIG. 6 is a schematic flow-chart illustration of a method of beamformeddiversity wireless communication, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

FIG. 7 is a schematic illustration of a product of manufacture, inaccordance with some demonstrative embodiments.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In the following detailed description, numerous specific details are setforth in order to provide a thorough understanding of some embodiments.However, it will be understood by persons of ordinary skill in the artthat some embodiments may be practiced without these specific details.In other instances, well-known methods, procedures, components, unitsand/or circuits have not been described in detail so as not to obscurethe discussion.

Discussions herein utilizing terms such as, for example, “processing”,“computing”, “calculating”, “determining”, “establishing”, “analyzing”,“checking”, or the like, may refer to operation(s) and/or process(es) ofa computer, a computing platform, a computing system, or otherelectronic computing device, that manipulate and/or transform datarepresented as physical (e.g., electronic) quantities within thecomputer's registers and/or memories into other data similarlyrepresented as physical quantities within the computer's registersand/or memories or other information storage medium that may storeinstructions to perform operations and/or processes.

The terms “plurality” and “a plurality”, as used herein, include, forexample, “multiple” or “two or more”. For example, “a plurality ofitems” includes two or more items.

References to “one embodiment”, “an embodiment”, “demonstrativeembodiment”, “various embodiments” etc., indicate that the embodiment(s)so described may include a particular feature, structure, orcharacteristic, but not every embodiment necessarily includes theparticular feature, structure, or characteristic. Further, repeated useof the phrase “in one embodiment” does not necessarily refer to the sameembodiment, although it may.

As used herein, unless otherwise specified the use of the ordinaladjectives “first”, “second”, “third” etc., to describe a common object,merely indicate that different instances of like objects are beingreferred to, and are not intended to imply that the objects so describedmust be in a given sequence, either temporally, spatially, in ranking,or in any other manner.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with various devices andsystems, for example, a Personal Computer (PC), a desktop computer, amobile computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tabletcomputer, an Ultrabook™ computer, a server computer, a handheldcomputer, a handheld device, a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) device,a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-board device, a hybriddevice, a vehicular device, a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portabledevice, a consumer device, a non-mobile or non-portable device, awireless communication station, a wireless communication device, awireless Access Point (AP), a wired or wireless router, a wired orwireless modem, a video device, an audio device, an audio-video (A/V)device, a wired or wireless network, a wireless area network, a WirelessVideo Area Network (WVAN), a Local Area Network (LAN), a Wireless LAN(WLAN), a Personal Area Network (PAN), a Wireless PAN (WPAN), and thelike.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing Wireless-Gigabit-Alliance (WGA)specifications (Wireless Gigabit Alliance, Inc WiGig MAC and PHYSpecification Version 1.1, April 2011, Final specification) and/orfuture versions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networksoperating in accordance with existing IEEE 802.11 standards (IEEE802.11-2012, IEEE Standard for Information technology—Telecommunicationsand information exchange between systems Local and metropolitan areanetworks—Specific requirements Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications, Mar. 29, 2012;IEEE802.11 task group ac (TGac) (“IEEE802.11-09/0308r12—TGac ChannelModel Addendum Document”); IEEE 802.11 task group ad (TGad) (IEEEP802.11ad Standard for Information Technology—Telecommunications andInformation Exchange Between Systems—Local and Metropolitan AreaNetworks—Specific Requirements—Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium AccessControl (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications—Amendment 3:Enhancements for Very High Throughput in the 60 GHz Band)) and/or futureversions and/or derivatives thereof, devices and/or networks operatingin accordance with existing WirelessHD™ specifications and/or futureversions and/or derivatives thereof, units and/or devices which are partof the above networks, and the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one way and/or two-wayradio communication systems, cellular radio-telephone communicationsystems, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a wireless telephone, aPersonal Communication Systems (PCS) device, a PDA device whichincorporates a wireless communication device, a mobile or portableGlobal Positioning System (GPS) device, a device which incorporates aGPS receiver or transceiver or chip, a device which incorporates an RFIDelement or chip, a Multiple Input Multiple Output (MIMO) transceiver ordevice, a Single Input Multiple Output (SIMO) transceiver or device, aMultiple Input Single Output (MISO) transceiver or device, a devicehaving one or more internal antennas and/or external antennas, DigitalVideo Broadcast (DVB) devices or systems, multi-standard radio devicesor systems, a wired or wireless handheld device, e.g., a Smartphone, aWireless Application Protocol (WAP) device, or the like.

Some embodiments may be used in conjunction with one or more types ofwireless communication signals and/or systems, for example, RadioFrequency (RF), Infra Red (IR), Frequency-Division Multiplexing (FDM),Orthogonal FDM (OFDM), Time-Division Multiplexing (TDM), Time-DivisionMultiple Access (TDMA), Extended TDMA (E-TDMA), General Packet RadioService (GPRS), extended GPRS, Code-Division Multiple Access (CDMA),Wideband CDMA (WCDMA), CDMA 2000, single-carrier CDMA, multi-carrierCDMA, Multi-Carrier Modulation (MDM), Discrete Multi-Tone (DMT),Bluetooth®, Global Positioning System (GPS), Wi-Fi, Wi-Max, ZigBee™,Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Global System for Mobile communication (GSM), 2G,2.5G, 3G, 3.5G, 4G, Fifth Generation (5G) mobile networks, 3GPP, LongTerm Evolution (LTE), LTE advanced, Enhanced Data rates for GSMEvolution (EDGE), or the like. Other embodiments may be used in variousother devices, systems and/or networks.

The term “wireless device”, as used herein, includes, for example, adevice capable of wireless communication, a communication device capableof wireless communication, a communication station capable of wirelesscommunication, a portable or non-portable device capable of wirelesscommunication, or the like. In some demonstrative embodiments, awireless device may be or may include a peripheral that is integratedwith a computer, or a peripheral that is attached to a computer. In somedemonstrative embodiments, the term “wireless device” may optionallyinclude a wireless service.

The term “communicating” as used herein with respect to a wirelesscommunication signal includes transmitting the wireless communicationsignal and/or receiving the wireless communication signal. For example,a wireless communication unit, which is capable of communicating awireless communication signal, may include a wireless transmitter totransmit the wireless communication signal to at least one otherwireless communication unit, and/or a wireless communication receiver toreceive the wireless communication signal from at least one otherwireless communication unit.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with suitablelimited-range or short-range wireless communication networks, forexample, a wireless area network, a “piconet”, a WPAN, a WVAN and thelike. Other embodiments may be used in conjunction with any othersuitable wireless communication network.

Some demonstrative embodiments may be used in conjunction with awireless communication network communicating over a frequency band of 60GHz. However, other embodiments may be implemented utilizing any othersuitable wireless communication frequency bands, for example, anExtremely High Frequency (EHF) band (the millimeter wave (mmwave)frequency band), e.g., a frequency band within the frequency band ofbetween 30 Ghz and 300 GHZ, a WLAN frequency band, a WPAN frequencyband, a frequency band according to the WGA specification, and the like.

The phrase “peer to peer (PTP or P2P) communication”, as used herein,may relate to device-to-device communication over a wireless link(“peer-to-peer link”) between a pair of devices. The P2P communicationmay include, for example, wireless communication over a direct linkwithin a QoS basic service set (BSS), a tunneled direct-link setup(TDLS) link, a STA-to-STA communication in an independent basic serviceset (IBSS), or the like.

The term “antenna”, as used herein, may include any suitableconfiguration, structure and/or arrangement of one or more antennaelements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. In someembodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using separate transmit and receive antenna elements. Insome embodiments, the antenna may implement transmit and receivefunctionalities using common and/or integrated transmit/receiveelements. The antenna may include, for example, a phased array antenna,a single element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike.

The phrase “mmWave frequency band” as used herein may relate to afrequency band above 30 GHz, e.g., a frequency band between 30 GHz and300 GHz. The phrases “directional multi-gigabit (DMG)” and “directionalband” (DBand), as used herein, may relate to a frequency band whereinthe Channel starting frequency is above 40 GHz.

The phrases “DMG STA” and “mmWave STA (mSTA)” may relate to a STA havinga radio transmitter, which is operating on a channel that is within theDMG band.

The term “beamforming”, as used herein, may relate to a spatialfiltering mechanism, which may be used at a transmitter and/or areceiver to improve one or more attributes, e.g., the received signalpower or signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at an intended receiver.

Reference is now made to FIG. 1, which schematically illustrates a blockdiagram of a system 100, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

In some demonstrative embodiments, system 100 may include a wirelesscommunication network including one or more wireless communicationdevices, e.g., wireless communication devices 102 and/or 104, capable ofcommunicating content, data, information and/or signals over a wirelesscommunication link, for example, over a radio channel, an IR channel, aRF channel, a Wireless Fidelity (WiFi) channel, and the like. One ormore elements of system 100 may optionally be capable of communicatingover any suitable wired communication links.

In some demonstrative embodiments, devices 102 and/or 104 may include awireless communication unit capable of communicating content, data,information and/or signals over at least one wireless communication link103. For example, device 102 may include a wireless communication unit110 and device 104 may include a wireless communication unit 120.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication units 110and/or 120 may include, or may be associated with, one or more antennas107 and 108, respectively. Antennas 107 and/or 108 may include any typeof antennas suitable for transmitting and/or receiving wirelesscommunication signals, blocks, frames, transmission streams, packets,messages and/or data. For example, antennas 107 and/or 108 may includeany suitable configuration, structure and/or arrangement of one or moreantenna elements, components, units, assemblies and/or arrays. Antennas107 and/or 108 may include, for example, antennas suitable fordirectional communication, e.g., using beamforming techniques. Forexample, antennas 107 and/or 108 may include a phased array antenna, asingle element antenna, a set of switched beam antennas, and/or thelike. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 108 may implementtransmit and receive functionalities using separate transmit and receiveantenna elements. In some embodiments, antennas 107 and/or 108 mayimplement transmit and receive functionalities using common and/orintegrated transmit/receive elements.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102and/or 104 may include, for example, a PC, a desktop computer, a mobilecomputer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a tablet computer, anUltrabook™, a server computer, a handheld computer, a handheld device, aPDA device, a handheld PDA device, an on-board device, an off-boarddevice, a hybrid device (e.g., combining cellular phone functionalitieswith PDA device functionalities), a consumer device, a vehicular device,a non-vehicular device, a mobile or portable device, a non-mobile ornon-portable device, a mobile phone, a cellular telephone, a PCS device,a PDA device which incorporates a wireless communication device, amobile or portable GPS device, a DVB device, a relatively smallcomputing device, a non-desktop computer, a “Carry Small Live Large”(CSLL) device, an Ultra Mobile Device (UMD), an Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC),a Mobile Internet Device (MID), an “Origami” device or computing device,a device that supports Dynamically Composable Computing (DCC), acontext-aware device, a video device, an audio device, an A/V device, aSet-Top-Box (STB), a Blu-ray disc (BD) player, a BD recorder, a DigitalVideo Disc (DVD) player, a High Definition (HD) DVD player, a DVDrecorder, a HD DVD recorder, a Personal Video Recorder (PVR), abroadcast HD receiver, a video source, an audio source, a video sink, anaudio sink, a stereo tuner, a broadcast radio receiver, a flat paneldisplay, a Personal Media Player (PMP), a digital video camera (DVC), adigital audio player, a speaker, an audio receiver, an audio amplifier,a gaming device, a data source, a data sink, a Digital Still camera(DSC), a media player, a Smartphone, a television, a music player, orthe like.

Devices 102 and/or 104 may also include, for example, one or more of aprocessor 191, an input unit 192, an output unit 193, a memory unit 194,and a storage unit 195. Device 102 may optionally include other suitablehardware components and/or software components. In some demonstrativeembodiments, some or all of the components of device 102 may be enclosedin a common housing or packaging, and may be interconnected or operablyassociated using one or more wired or wireless links. In otherembodiments, components of device 102 may be distributed among multipleor separate devices.

Processor 191 includes, for example, a Central Processing Unit (CPU), aDigital Signal Processor (DSP), one or more processor cores, asingle-core processor, a dual-core processor, a multiple-core processor,a microprocessor, a host processor, a controller, a plurality ofprocessors or controllers, a chip, a microchip, one or more circuits,circuitry, a logic unit, an Integrated Circuit (IC), anApplication-Specific IC (ASIC), or any other suitable multi-purpose orspecific processor or controller. Processor 191 executes instructions,for example, of an Operating System (OS) of device 102 and/or of one ormore suitable applications.

Input unit 192 includes, for example, a keyboard, a keypad, a mouse, atouch-screen, a touch-pad, a track-ball, a stylus, a microphone, orother suitable pointing device or input device. Output unit 193includes, for example, a monitor, a screen, a touch-screen, a flat paneldisplay, a Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) display unit, a plasma displayunit, one or more audio speakers or earphones, or other suitable outputdevices.

Memory unit 194 includes, for example, a Random Access Memory (RAM), aRead Only Memory (ROM), a Dynamic RAM (DRAM), a Synchronous DRAM(SD-RAM), a flash memory, a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, acache memory, a buffer, a short term memory unit, a long term memoryunit, or other suitable memory units. Storage unit 195 includes, forexample, a hard disk drive, a floppy disk drive, a Compact Disk (CD)drive, a CD-ROM drive, a DVD drive, or other suitable removable ornon-removable storage units. Memory unit 194 and/or storage unit 195,for example, may store data processed by device 102.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication link 103 mayinclude a direct link, e.g., a P2P link, for example, to enable directcommunication between devices 102 and 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication link 103 mayinclude a wireless communication link over the mmWave band, e.g., theDMG band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication devices 102and/or 104 may perform the functionality of mmWave STAs, e.g., DMGstations (“DMG STA”). For example, wireless communication devices 102and/or 104 may be configured to communicate over the DMG band.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication link 103 mayinclude a wireless beamformed link.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication link 103 mayinclude a wireless gigabit (WiGig) link. For example, wirelesscommunication link 103 may include a wireless beamformed link over the60 GHZ frequency band.

In other embodiments, wireless communication link 103 may include anyother suitable link and/or may utilize any other suitable wirelesscommunication technology.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 may include at least oneantenna array including a plurality of antenna elements 117. Theplurality of antenna elements 117 may be configured, for example, forcreation of a highly-directional antenna pattern. The plurality ofantenna elements 117 may include, for example, about 16-36 antennaelements, or any other number of antenna elements, which may be placedin a predefined geometry. The plurality of antenna elements 117 may beconfigured to form a highly directive antenna pattern or a beam, whichmay be steered by setting appropriate signal phases at antenna elements117, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, antennas 107 may include a pluralityof antenna subarrays. For example, antennas 107 may include a firstantenna subarray 135, and a second antenna subarray 145. In otherembodiments, antennas 107 may include any other number of antennasubarrays, e.g., more than two antenna subarrays.

The phrase “antenna subarray” as used herein may relate to a group ofantenna elements of the plurality of antenna elements 117, which may becoupled, for example, to a common RF chain. In one example, antennas 107may include an antenna array, which may be divided into a plurality of,e.g., independent subarrays, each capable of independently generating adirectional beam. In another example, antennas 107 may include aplurality of different antenna arrays to generate a plurality ofdirectional beams. In another example, antennas 107 may include two ormore different antenna arrays. One or more of the different antennaarrays may be divided into two or more subarrays.

In some demonstrative embodiments, first antenna subarray 135 mayinclude a first plurality of antenna elements of the plurality ofantenna elements 117 configured to form a first directional beam 137directed in a first direction 139.

In some demonstrative embodiments, second antenna subarray 145 mayinclude a second, e.g., different, plurality of antenna elements of theplurality of antenna elements 117 configured to form a seconddirectional beam 147 directed in a second direction 149.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 mayinclude a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) chains configured to controlthe first and second pluralities of antenna elements of antennasubarrays 135 and 145.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of RF chains may becoupled to the plurality of antenna subarrays. For example, wirelesscommunication unit 110 may include a first RF chain 130 connected tofirst antenna subarray 135, and a second RF chain 140 connected tosecond antenna subarray 145. In other embodiments, wirelesscommunication unit 110 may include any other number of RF chains coupledto the any other number of the plurality of antenna subarrays, e.g.,more than two RF chains connected to more than two antenna subarrays.

In some demonstrative embodiments, RF chains 130 and/or 140 may includeor may be included as part of a radio frequency integrated circuit(RFIC), which may be connected to antenna subarrays 135 and 145 througha plurality of feed lines 118, which may be, for example, micro-stripfeed lines.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of RF chains may enableprocessing of two or more independent RF signals, e.g., carryingdifferent data. For example, RF chain 130 may process an RF signal 131,and RF chain 140 may process an RF signal 141.

In some demonstrative embodiments, RF chain 130 may include a pluralityof phase shifters 115 configured to adjust the phases of the antennaelements of antenna subarray 135. For example, a phase shifter of phaseshifters 115 may be configured to adjust a corresponding antenna elementof antenna subarray 135.

For example, phases of the antenna elements of antenna subarrays 135 maybe shifted, e.g., by phase shifters 115, to provide a constructiveand/or destructive interference, configured to change the beamformingscheme of antenna subarray 135 and to change the direction ofdirectional beam 137.

In some demonstrative embodiments, RF chain 140 may include a pluralityof phase shifters 114 configured to adjust the phases of the antennaelements of antenna subarray 145. For example, a phase shifter of phaseshifters 114 may be configured to adjust a corresponding antenna elementof antenna subarray 145.

For example, phases of the antenna elements of antenna subarrays 145 maybe shifted, e.g., by phase shifters 114, to provide a constructiveand/or destructive interference, configured to change the beamformingscheme of antenna subarray 145 and to change the direction ofdirectional beam 147.

Phase shifters 115 and/or 114 may be discrete, e.g., configured torotate the phase of the antenna elements of antenna subarrays 135 and/or145 to a limited set of values, for example, 0, ±π/2, and π, allowingonly a relatively coarse beamforming for changing a direction ofdirectional beams 137 and/or 147.

In some demonstrative embodiments, RF chain 130 may include asummer/splitter block 113 coupled to phase shifters 115 and/or RF chain140 may include a summer/splitter block 112 coupled to phase shifters114.

In some demonstrative embodiments, summer/splitter block 113 may includea splitter 134, e.g., a multiplexer, configured to reproduce and splitRF signal 131 between the antenna elements of antenna subarray 135 andto couple the reproduced signals of RF signal 131 to phase shifters 115,e.g., when transmitting RF signal 131.

In some demonstrative embodiments, summer/splitter block 113 may includea summer 136 configured to sum into RF signal 131 signals received fromthe antenna elements of antenna subarray 135, e.g., when receiving RFsignal 131.

In some demonstrative embodiments, utilizing two or more RF chains mayenable baseband processing of two or more independent signals, e.g.,carrying different data, communicated via two or more directional beams.In contrast, utilizing a single RF chain may enable baseband processingof only one signal, e.g., even if a large number of antenna elements 117are utilized.

For example, RF chains 130 and 140 may enable baseband processing, e.g.,independent baseband processing, of RF signals 131 and 141 communicatedvia directional beams 137 and 147.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 mayutilize the two or more RF chains to perform beamformed diversitycommunication, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 mayinclude a baseband 150 configured to control antenna subarrays 135 and145 to form directional beams 137 and 147 directed to directions 139 and149 for communicating a MIMO wireless transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, baseband 150 may process a datastream 121 into the MIMO wireless transmission to be communicatedutilizing a MIMO beamformed scheme, e.g., as described below.

Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with reference to awireless communication unit, e.g., wireless communication unit 110,configured to perform both transmission and reception of a MIMObeamformed communication. Other embodiments may include a wirelesscommunication unit capable of performing only one of transmission andreception of a MIMO beamformed communication.

The phrase “beamformed diversity communication”, as used herein mayrelate to any communication utilizing a plurality of beams.

Some demonstrative embodiments are described herein with reference to acommunication system, e.g., wireless communication system 100, whereinboth the TX side and the RX side utilize a plurality of antennasubarrays to communicate a MIMO transmission. However, other embodimentsmay be implemented with respect to systems configured to communicate anyother diversity communication, for example, systems in which only one ofthe Tx and Rx sides utilizes a plurality of antenna subarrays, e.g., toform a Single-Input-Multi-Output (SIMO) and/or aMulti-Input-Single-Output (MISO) beamformed link. For example, one ofthe Tx and Rx sides may utilize an omni-directional antenna, and anotherone of the Tx and Rx sides may utilize a multi-array transceiver, e.g.,wireless communication unit 110.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 mayinclude a plurality of baseband (BB) to RF (BB2RF) convertersinterfacing between the plurality of RF chains and baseband 150. Forexample, wireless communication unit 110 may include BB2RF converters133 interfacing between RF chain 130 and baseband 150, and BB2RFconverters 143 interfacing between RF chain 140 and baseband 150. Inother embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 may include any othernumber of BB2RF convertors connecting between baseband 150 and any othernumber of RF chains, e.g., more than two.

In some demonstrative embodiments, BB2RF converter 133 may convert RFsignal 131 into baseband data signal 127 and vice versa, and/or BB2RFconverters 143 may convert RF signal 141 into baseband data signal 129and vice versa.

In one example, BB2RF converter 133 may convert RF signal 131 intobaseband data signal 127, and/or BB2RF converter 143 may convert RFsignal 141 into baseband data signal 129, e.g., if wirelesscommunication unit 110 receives the MIMO wireless transmission.

In another example, BB2RF converter 133 may convert baseband data signal127 into RF signal 131 and/or BB2RF converter 143 may convert basebanddata signal 129 into RF signal 141, e.g., if wireless communication unit110 transmits the MIMO wireless transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, BB2RF converters 133 and/or 143 mayinclude down-converters, configured to convert an RF signal into abaseband data signal, and to provide the baseband data signal tobaseband 150, e.g., if wireless communication unit 110 receives the MIMOwireless transmission.

For example, RF chain 130 may include a down converter 132 configured todown-convert RF signal 131 into data signal 127, and to provide datasignal 127 to baseband 150.

In some demonstrative embodiments, baseband to RF converters 133 and/or143 may include up-converters, configured to convert a baseband datasignal into an RF signal and to provide the RF signal to an RF chain,e.g., if wireless communication unit 110 transmits the MIMO wirelesstransmission.

For example, RF chain 130 may include an up-converter 138 configured toup-convert data signal 127 into RF signal 131 and to provide RF signal131 to RF chain 130.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 maybe configured to perform hybrid beamforming. The hybrid beamforming mayinclude, for example, performing a coarse beamforming in RF chains 130and/or 140, e.g., using phase-shifters 139 and/or 149; and finebeamforming in baseband 150, e.g., as described below.

In one example, the coarse beamforming may be performed between devices102 and 104. For example, during the coarse beamforming, device 102 maysteer directional beams 137 and/or 147 to a plurality of directions,e.g., which may deliver a maximal RX signal power and/or according toany other criteria; and device 104 may have a fixed quasi-omni antennapattern of antennas 108 to receive the transmissions from device 102.Alternatively, device 104 may adjust antennas 108 to maximize thereceived RX signal power, e.g., by performing a sector level sweep.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the fine beamforming may includediversity processing, e.g., MIMO processing, MISO processing and/or SIMOprocessing, at baseband 150. For example, the MIMO processing mayinclude, for example, closed-loop (CL) MIMO processing, Open Loop (OL)MIMO processing, Space-Block Code (SBC) MIMO processing, e.g., SpaceTime Block Code (STBC) MIMO processing, Space Frequency Block Code(SFBC) MIMO processing, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit mayinclude a controller 122 configured to control RF Chains 135 and 145 andbaseband 150 to perform the coarse beamforming and/or the finebeamforming.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may control antennasubarrays 135 and/or 145 utilizing a control signal 128 carrying theamount of phase shift to be applied to one or more phase shifters ofphase shifters 115 and/or 114.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the phase shift adjustments to phaseshifters 115 may determine and/or control the beam width, gain and/ordirection of directional beam 137 formed by antenna subarray 135.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the phase shift adjustments to phaseshifters 114 may determine and/or control the beam width, gain and/ordirection of directional beam 147 forms by antenna subarray 145.

In some demonstrative embodiments, each phase shifter of an antennaelement of antenna subarrays 135 and/or 145 may perform a local phaseadjustment to a signal to create a local phase distribution in a desiredbeam direction.

In some demonstrative embodiments, control signal 128 may includeweighting coefficients, which may be generated and/or derived fromcontroller 122, configured to steer directional beams 137 and/or 147.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may provide viacontrol signal 128 a first set of weighting coefficients to phaseshifters 115 configured to form a local phase adjustment to one or moreantenna elements of antenna subarray 135, resulting in directing beam137 to direction 139.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may provide viacontrol signal 128 a second, e.g., different set of weightingcoefficients, to phase shifters 114 configured to form a local phaseadjustment to one or more antenna elements of antenna subarray 145,resulting in directing beam 147 to direction 149.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 maybe utilized by a Transmit (TX) side and a Receive (RX) side to form aplurality of independent directional communication beams between the TXand RX sides. Accordingly, the plurality of directional beams may beutilized for using a plurality of independent paths for communicating aplurality of data streams, e.g., different data streams, thus increasingtotal throughput.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a plurality of different signals maybe communicated via a plurality of beamformed links formed by theplurality of beamformed beams. Each beamformed link, which correspondsto an antenna subarray of the plurality of antenna subarrays, maycommunicate a signal, for example, via a plurality of antenna elementsof the antenna subarray.

For example, a first signal, e.g., signal 127, may be communicated via afirst beamformed link formed by directional beam 137 generated byantenna subarray 135, and a second, e.g., different signal, for example,signal 129, may be communicated via a second beamformed link formed bydirectional beam 147 generated by antenna subarray 145.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 maycommunicate the MIMO wireless transmission via a plurality of selectedindependent directional, e.g., spatial, links between device 102 and104.

For example, wireless communication unit 110 may select the firstbeamformed link to communicate the MIMO wireless transmission viadirectional beam 137 and the second beamformed link to communicate theMIMO wireless transmission via directional beam 147.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the plurality of selected directionallinks may be selected from a plurality of directional links betweendevices 102 and 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a directional link between devices102 and 104 may be formed by a pair of a TX sector and an RX sector.

For example, device 102 may perform the functionality of the TX side anddevice 104 may perform the functionality of the RX side. A first TXsector of device 102 may form a first directional link with a first RXsector of device 104, a second TX sector of device 102 may form a seconddirectional link with a second sector RX of device 104, a third TXsector of device 102 may form a third directional link with a third RXsector of device 104, and/or another TX sector of device 102 may formanother directional link with another RX sector of device 104.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may determine theplurality of directional links during an establishment of wirelesscommunication link 103, for example, during a TX and/or RX sector scanbetween devices 102 and 104.

For example, during the TX and RX sector scan, device 102 may detect theplurality of directional links, for example, according to a beamformingtraining procedure.

Reference is now made to FIG. 2, which schematically illustrates aplurality of directional links 205 between a TX side 202 and an RX side204 in an environment 200, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments. For example, device 102 (FIG. 1) may perform thefunctionality of TX side 202, and/or device 104 (FIG. 1) may perform thefunctionality of RX side 204.

For example, environment 200 may include a room, RX side 204 may includea receiver, e.g., a Television (TV) receiver, positioned on a wall ofthe room, and/or TX side 202 may include a transmitter, e.g., a videoplayer.

As Shown in FIG. 2, the plurality of directional links 205 may include Nlinks, e.g., including links 211, 212, 213, 214 and 215, between TX side202 and RX side 204. For example, a sector, denoted sector #1, of TXside 202 may form directional link 211 with a sector, denoted sector #1,of RX side 204; a sector, denoted sector #2, of TX side 202 may formdirectional link 212 with a sector, denoted sector #2, of RX side 204; asector, denoted sector #3, of TX side 202 may form directional link 213with a sector, denoted sector #3, of RX side 204; a sector, denotedsector #4, of TX side 202 may form directional link 215 with a sector,denoted sector #4, of RX side 204; and/or a sector, denoted sector #N,of TX side 202 may form directional link 215 with a sector, denotedsector #N, of RX side 204.

In some demonstrative embodiments, directional links 205 may bedetermined during a sector scan performed between TX side 202 and RXside 204, e.g., according to the WGA Specifications or any otherSpecification.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, diversityprocessing techniques, e.g., the MIMO processing techniques, may requirereliable algorithms for selection and/or tracking of two or moredirectional links.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may be configured toselect the plurality of directional links for performing the beamformeddiversity communication.

In one example, controller 122 may select directional links 212 and 213(FIG. 2) for performing the MIMO communication. In another example,controller 122 may select any other directional links of the Ndirectional links 205 (FIG. 2) for performing the MIMO communication.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may perform a MIMOfinal beam combining procedure configured to select two or moredirectional links, for example, to be formed by two or more pairs ofsectors, e.g., an RX sector and a TX sector. For example, wirelesscommunication unit 110 may select more than one pair of TX and RXsectors.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may select theselected directional links from a plurality of available links, e.g.,the N directional links 205 (FIG. 2), based on at least one predefinedselected criterion.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the selection criterion may beconfigured to relate to one or more predefined properties of wirelesscommunication link 103, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may select theplurality of directional links, which may provide significant signalpower at the RX side.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may select theplurality of directional links, which may be mutually uncorrelated, forexample, such that each directional link may be required to come from adifferent direction, be reflected from different objects, have adifferent angle of arrival and/or departure, and the like. For example,controller 122 may select directional links, e.g., directional links 211and 215 (FIG. 2), which are coming from different directions, forexample, directional link 211 (FIG. 2) is reflected from a ceiling ofenvironment 200 (FIG. 2) and directional link 215 is reflected from afloor of environment 200 (FIG. 2).

In some demonstrative embodiments, the number of the selecteddirectional links may be equal to or greater than the smallest of thenumber of TX and RX RF chains of the TX and RX sides, and equal to orlesser than the greatest of the number of TX and RX RF chains of the TXand RX sides.

In one example, the number of the selected directional links may beequal to or greater than one and equal to or lesser than two, e.g., ifdevice 102 includes two RF chains, e.g., RF chains 130 and 140, anddevice 104 includes a single RF chain. Accordingly, the beamformeddiversity communication may include a MISO or SIMO communication.

In another example, the number of the selected directional links may beequal to or greater than two and equal to or lesser than four, e.g., ifdevice 102 includes two RF chains, e.g., RF chains 130 and 140, anddevice 104 includes four RF chains. Accordingly, the beamformeddiversity communication may include a MIMO communication.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may select theselected directional links based on at least one predefined selectionmetric.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may control theplurality of antenna subarrays to form the plurality of directionalbeams for communicating the MIMO wireless transmission over theplurality of selected directional links.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may control antennasubarrays 135 and/or 145 based on the directions of the selectedplurality of directional links.

In one example, controller 122 may select directional beams 213 and 215(FIG. 2) of the N directional beams 205 (FIG. 2) based on the predefinedselection metric. Controller 122 may control antenna subarray 135 toform directional beam 137 directed in direction 139, which is directedto a direction of directional link 213 (FIG. 2), and antenna subarray145 to form directional beam 147 directed in direction 149, which isdirected to a direction of directional link 214 (FIG. 2), forcommunicating the MIMO wireless transmission over directional links 213and 214 (FIG. 2).

For example, controller 122 may control antenna subarray 135 to steerdirectional beam 137 to a direction of directional link 213 (FIG. 2),e.g., if directional link 213 (FIG. 2) is selected for communicating theMIMO wireless transmission, and controller 122 may control antennasubarray 145 to steer directional beam 147 to a direction of directionallink 214 (FIG. 2), e.g., if directional link 214 (FIG. 2) is selectedfor communicating the MIMO wireless transmission.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the selection metric may include achannel capacity metric, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may determine theselection metric with respect to a particular directional link based ona channel matrix corresponding to the particular link and a number oftransmit antenna arrays, e.g., as described below.

In one embodiment, a MIMO channel capacity metric may be defined, forexample, to increase, e.g., maximize, system throughput.

In one example, the channel capacity metric may be determined withrespect to a directional link, e.g., as follows:

$\begin{matrix}{C = {\log_{2}{\det\lbrack {I + {\frac{1}{\sigma^{2}N_{t}}{HH}^{H}}} \rbrack}}} & (1)\end{matrix}$wherein C denotes the channel capacity metric corresponding to thedirectional link, σ² denotes an additive noise power, H denotes achannel matrix corresponding to the directional link, I denotes theidentity matrix, and N_(t) denotes the number of transmit antennasubarrays.

For example, the dimensions of the matrix H may be based on the numberof RF chains in the TX side and RX side.

In some demonstrative embodiments, elements of the channel matrix H maybe obtained, for example, by channel measurements for combinations,e.g., every combination, of TX side and RX side sector pairs. Thechannel capacity metric C may be determined, e.g., according to Equation1, with respect to each sector pair. Two or more pairs, e.g., the pairs,which maximize the channel capacity metric C, may be selected formulti-beam MIMO communication.

For example, controller 122 may determine the channel capacity metric Cfor each of the N directional links 205 (FIG. 2), e.g., based onEquation 1. For example, the matrix H may include a channel matrix of adirectional link of N directional links 205 (FIG. 2), and the numberN_(t) may be equal to two, e.g., if two transmit antenna subarrays,e.g., antenna subarrays 135 and 145, are used.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may determine theselection metric with respect to a particular directional link based ona combination of a plurality of Signal-to-Interference-plus-noise-ratio(SINR) values corresponding to a plurality of received diversitystreams, for example, MIMO streams, of the particular directional link,e.g., as described below.

In one example, a specific MIMO receiver scheme may be assumed forselection of the optimal combination of directional links. For example,in case of a minimum mean square error (MMSE) receiver scheme, the SINRfor a k-th directional link may be calculated, e.g., as follows:

$\begin{matrix}{{SINR}_{k} = {\frac{1}{\{ ( {\frac{H^{H}H}{\sigma^{2}} + I} )^{- 1} \}_{k,k}} - 1}} & (2)\end{matrix}$

The SINR per the directional link my be utilized, for example, tocompute the selection metric per a total system throughput, e.g., asfollows:

$\begin{matrix}{C = {\sum\limits_{k}^{\;}\;{\log_{2}( {1 + {SINR}_{k}} )}}} & (3)\end{matrix}$

For example, the SINR for each one of the N directional links 205 (FIG.2) may be calculated. Controller 122 may select two directional links,e.g., directional links 211 and 213 (FIG. 2), providing the maximalselection metric C according to Equation 3.

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may determine an SINRvalue of the SINR values based on an effective channel after performingSpace-Block-Code processing, e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the matrix H defining the channelbetween the TX and RX sector pair may also account for additionalspace-time processing, e.g., the MIMO scheme, which may be performed atthe transmitter and/or receiver, e.g., in baseband 150. In one example,baseband 150 may perform space-time block coding processing of the MIMOwireless transmission.

In one example, the channel matrix H may be considered as an effectivechannel after performing the space-time block coding in baseband 150.For example, if utilizing an Alamouti coding scheme, the SINR for thethroughput calculation described above may be obtained, e.g., asfollows:

$\begin{matrix}{{SINR} = \frac{{trace}\;( {H^{H}H} )}{\sigma^{2}}} & (4)\end{matrix}$

In some demonstrative embodiments, the selection metric may be defined,for example, to improve system robustness.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the selection metric may be based ondifferences in angles of arrival and/or differences in angles ofdeparture, e.g., as described below.

In one example, sectors with maximal differences in angles of arrival,e.g., at the RX side, and/or angles of departure, e.g., at the TX side,may be selected for communication, e.g., to overcome possible rayblockage, e.g., human blockage.

For example, controller 122 may select directional beams 211 and 215(FIG. 2) for communicating the MIMO wireless communication, e.g., sincea difference in angles of departure and angles of arrival betweendirectional beams 211 and 215 (FIG. 2) is maximal with respect to othercombination of directional links of the N directional links 205 (FIG.2).

In some demonstrative embodiments, controller 122 may utilize any otherintelligent algorithms to support a robust mode, such as discovery andusage of directional links reflected from the room ceiling, e.g.,directional link 211 (FIG. 2).

In other embodiments, any other suitable selection metric may bedefined. For example, instead of a logarithm function, a mutualinformation function for the specific modulation scheme, e.g., thatmeets target packet error rate requirements, may be utilized in theselection of the optimal combination of directional links.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110 mayuse one or more feedback mechanisms to communicate information (“beamselection information”) between the TX and RX sides, e.g., to supportthe beam selection procedures described herein. For example, wirelesscommunication unit 110 may communicate with device 104 the beamselection information to support the selection of the directional links.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the beam selection information may becommunicated as part of a channel measurement feedback element. In oneexample, the beam selection information may be communicated as part ofone or more dedicated fields of a channel measurement feedback element,e.g., as described below.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel measurement feedbackelement may be transmitted by a STA, e.g., the Tx side or the Rx side.The channel measurement feedback element may be transmitted by the STA,e.g., in response to a beam refinement packet containing a channelmeasurement request.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel measurement feedbackelement may include a plurality of measurements corresponding to aplurality of sector identifiers.

For example, the channel measurement feedback may include a first sectoridentifier identifying a first sector of an antenna subarray, and aplurality of measurements corresponding to the first sector.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel measurement feedbackelement may include the channel measurement feedback data measured withrespect to the channel measurement request. For example, the channelmeasurement feedback element may represent measurement feedback data,which may be measured on TRN-T fields of a Beam Refinement packet thatincludes the channel measurement request.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel measurement feedbackelement may provide, for example, a list of sectors identified bywireless communication unit 110 during a sector scan. The format andsize of the channel measurement feedback element may be defined byparameter values specified in an accompanying beam refinement element.

In some demonstrative embodiments, an information element of the channelmeasurement feedback element may be used to provide the SINR and/orchannel taps, e.g., channel impulse response, for a set of selectedsectors.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the channel measurement feedbackelement may be configured to provide information about the particularantenna subarrays, in which measurements are performed.

In some demonstrative embodiments, a new field may be added toinformation elements, which may be communicated during the measurements,specifying the particular antenna subarray for which measurements areperformed, e.g., as described below.

For example, a beam refinement element, e.g., DMG Beam Refinementelement, may include a field, e.g., an “array index” field, to includean identifier of the particular antenna subarray for which informationabout the antenna subarray is provided, for example, if the device hasmore than one antenna subarray, e.g., as described below with referenceto FIG. 3.

Reference is made to FIG. 3, which schematically illustrates a beamrefinement element 300, in accordance with some demonstrativeembodiments.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110(FIG. 1) may communicate beam refinement element 300 to device 104 (FIG.1).

As shown in FIG. 3, beam refinement element 300 may include a reservedfield 302, e.g., including five bits or any other number of bits.Reserved field 302 may include an identifier of an antenna subarray forwhich information about the antenna subarray is provided in beamrefinement element 300.

As shown in FIG. 3, the identifier may be of a size of three bits, e.g.,capable of representing up to eight antenna subarrays in binarynotation. For example, antenna subarray 135 (FIG. 1) may be representedby the binary notation “001”, and antenna subarray 145 (FIG. 1) may berepresented by the binary notation “010”, or any other notation.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, wirelesscommunication unit 110 may communicate a channel measurement feedbackelement including an identifier of a particular antenna subarray, andone or more measurements corresponding to the particular antennasubarray.

For example, wireless communication unit 110 may communicate the channelmeasurement feedback element, e.g., beam refinement element 300 (FIG.3), in response to a channel measurement request transmitted from device104. The channel measurement feedback element may include an identifier,e.g., in field 302 (FIG. 3), of an antenna subarray, e.g., antennasubarray 135 and/or 145, and one or more measurements corresponding tothe antenna subarray identified by field 302 (FIG. 3).

In another demonstrative embodiment, the enumeration and meaning of a“sector” may be extended, e.g., redefined, such that the sector numbersimultaneously identifies the sector index and antenna subarray index.For example, sectors 1:64 may be defined to correspond to antennasubarray 135 (FIG. 1), sectors 65-128 may be defined to correspond toantenna subarray 145 (FIG. 1), and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the extended definition of the sectormay require an increased number of bits for identifying a sector, e.g.,eight bits to enable identifying sectors of up to eight subarrays. Forexample, a Channel Measurement Feedback element may include an ID beamfield of a size of up to eight bits.

Reference is now made to FIG. 4, which schematically illustrates achannel measurement feedback element 400, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments.

In some demonstrative embodiments, wireless communication unit 110(FIG. 1) may communicate channel measurement feedback element 400, e.g.,in response to a channel measurement request transmitted from device 104(FIG. 1).

As shown in FIG. 4, channel measurement feedback element 400 may includesubfields, e.g., subfields 402, 404, 406 and/or 408, includinginformation elements of the channel measurement feedback element 400.

As shown in FIG. 4, subfield 402 may provide the SINR measured on theTRN-T fields, subfield 404 may provide the channel measurement, measuredon the TRN-T fields, subfield 406 may provide the TAP delay of thesectors, and subfield 408 may include identifier of a sector ID to whichthe information of subfields 402, 404 and 406 relates.

In some demonstrative embodiments, subfield 408 may be defined, suchthat the sector number simultaneously identifies the sector index andantenna array index, e.g., as described above with reference to the IDbeam field. Accordingly, a size 409 of a sector ID field may beincreased from six bits to eight bits.

Referring back to FIG. 1, in some demonstrative embodiments, wirelesscommunication unit 110 may communicate the channel measurement feedbackelement, in response to a channel measurement request transmitted fromdevice 104. The channel measurement feedback element may include aplurality of sector identifiers, each sector identifier identifying aparticular antenna subarray and a particular sector corresponding to theparticular antenna subarray. Fields 402, 404 and/or 406 (FIG. 4) mayinclude measurements performed with respect to the sectors of subarray135 and 145 identified in subfield 408 (FIG. 4).

For example, wireless communication unit 110 may communicate the channelmeasurement feedback element including a first plurality of sectoridentifiers, for example, a first portion of subfield 408 (FIG. 4),identifying one or more sectors of antenna subarray 135, e.g., a firstsector identifier identifying a first sector of antenna subarray 135, asecond sector identifier identifying a second sector of antenna subarray135 and one or more sector identifiers identifying one or moreadditional sectors of antenna subarray 135; and a second plurality ofsector identifiers, for example, a second portion of subfield 408 (FIG.4), indentifying one or more sectors of antenna subarray 145, e.g., afirst sector identifier identifying a first sector of antenna subarray145, a second sector identifier identifying a second sector of antennasubarray 145 and one or more sector identifiers identifying one or moreadditional sectors of antenna subarray 145. Fields 402, 404 and/or 406(FIG. 4) may include measurements performed with respect to the sectorsof subarray 135 and 145 identified in subfield 408 (FIG. 4).

In some demonstrative embodiments, flexible division of a largemulti-element antenna array into several subarrays may be performed. Tosupport such flexible subarray configurations, the information about theused configuration and about the number of antenna elements in eachsubarray may also be included in the feedback, e.g. in a separateinformation element.

Reference is made to FIG. 5, which schematically illustrates a method ofbeam selection for MIMO beamformed communication, in accordance withsome demonstrative embodiments. In some embodiments, one or more of theoperations of the method of FIG. 5 may be performed by a wirelesscommunication system, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1); a wirelesscommunication device, e.g., device 102 (FIG. 1); a baseband, e.g.,baseband 150 (FIG. 1); a controller, e.g., controller 122 (FIG. 1),and/or a wireless communication unit, e.g., wireless communication units110 and or 120 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 500, the method may include initializing TX and RXparameters. For example, wireless communication unit 110 (FIG. 1) mayinitialize TX and RX parameters of devices 102 and/or 104 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 501, initializing the TX and RX parameters mayinclude initializing TX parameters. For example, wireless communicationunit 110 (FIG. 1) may obtain a number of antenna subarrays of device 102(FIG. 1) and a set of sectors of device 102 (FIG. 1) to perform sectorscanning, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 502, initializing the TX and RX parameters mayinclude initializing RX parameters. For example, wireless communicationunit 110 (FIG. 1) may obtain a number of antenna subarrays of device 104(FIG. 1) and a set of sectors of device 104 (FIG. 1) to perform sectorscanning, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 510, the method may include measuring beamformingparameters. For example, wireless communication unit 110 (FIG. 1) maymeasure beamforming parameters of a plurality of directional linksbetween devices 102 (FIG. 1) and 104 (FIG. 1), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 511, measuring the beamforming parameters mayinclude performing a TX sector scan. For example, wireless communicationunit 110 (FIG. 1) may perform a TX sector scan to detect the pluralityof directional links, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 512, measuring the beamforming parameters mayinclude performing an RX sector scan. For example, wirelesscommunication unit 120 (FIG. 1) may perform an RX sector scan to detectthe plurality of the directional links, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 513, measuring the beamforming parameters mayinclude performing TX-RX beam combining. For example, wirelesscommunication unit 110 (FIG. 1) may perform TX-RX beam combining, e.g.,as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the TX-RX combining may provide aplurality of pairs of the TX-RX sectors, with measured channel impulseresponse for each pair.

As indicated at block 520, the method may include determining a MIMObeamformed scheme. For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1) may determinethe MIMO beamformed scheme for communicating between devices 102 and 104(FIG. 1), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 521, determining the MIMO beamformed scheme mayinclude calculating a selection metric for each pair of TX-RX sectors.For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1) may calculate the selection metric,e.g., the selection metric C, for each pair of the N directional links205 (FIG. 2), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 522, determining the MIMO beamformed scheme mayinclude selecting a pair of directional links. For example, controller122 (FIG. 1) may select directional beams 211 and 215 (FIG. 2) based onthe selection metric, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 523, determining the MIMO beamformed scheme mayinclude calculating an optimal MIMO mode and parameters for the selecteddirectional links. For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1) may calculatethe weighting coefficients to be applied at baseband and/or RFprocessing, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 530, the method may include configuring the MIMObeamformed scheme. For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1) may configurethe MIMO beamformed scheme of wireless communication unit 110 (FIG. 1),e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 531, configuring the MIMO beamformed scheme mayinclude selecting a MIMO mode. For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1) mayselect the MIMO processing mode at baseband 150, e.g., OL, CL, SBC andthe like, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 532, configuring the MIMO beamformed scheme mayinclude determining phases for the phase shifters for RF processing. Forexample, controller 122 (FIG. 1) may determine phases to be applied byphase shifters 115 and/or 114 (FIG. 1), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 533, configuring the MIMO beamformed scheme mayinclude determining baseband weighting coefficients for baseband MIMOprocessing. For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1) may determine weightingcoefficients for MIMO processing at baseband 150 (FIG. 1), e.g., asdescribed above.

Reference is made to FIG. 6, which schematically illustrates a method ofbeamformed diversity wireless communication, in accordance with somedemonstrative embodiments. In some embodiments, one or more of theoperations of the method of FIG. 6 may be performed by a wirelesscommunication system, e.g., system 100 (FIG. 1); a wirelesscommunication device, e.g., devices 102 and/or 104 (FIG. 1); a baseband,e.g., baseband 150 (FIG. 1); a controller, e.g., controller 122 (FIG.1), and/or a wireless communication unit, e.g., wireless communicationunits 110 and/or 120 (FIG. 1).

As indicated at block 602, the method may include selecting a pluralityof directional links for beamformed diversity communication between aTransmitter (Tx) station and a Receiver (Rx) station, based on at leastone predefined selection metric. For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1)may select the plurality of directional links for MIMO communicationbetween devices 102 (FIG. 1) and 104 (FIG. 1), based on the selectionmetric C, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 604, the method may include controlling aplurality of antenna subarrays to form a plurality of directional beamsfor communicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmission via theplurality of selected directional links. For example, controller 122(FIG. 1) may controller 122 (FIG. 1) may control antenna subarrays 135and 145 (FIG. 1) to form directional beams 137 and 147 (FIG. 1) forcommunicating the MIMO wireless transmission via the plurality ofselected directional links, e.g., as described above.

In some demonstrative embodiments, the directional links may be selectedbased on channel measurement feedback communicated between the TX and Rxsides.

As indicated at block 605, the method may include communicating achannel measurement feedback element. For example, wirelesscommunication unit 110 (FIG. 1) may communicate the channel measurementfeedback element to device 104 (FIG. 1), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 606, the method may include communicating thechannel measurement feedback element including an identifier of aparticular antenna subarray and one or more measurements correspondingto the particular antenna subarray. For example, wireless communicationunit 110 (FIG. 1) may communicate beam refinement element 300 (FIG. 3)including field 302 (FIG. 3) representing an antenna subarray of antennasubarrays 135 and 145 (FIG. 1), and one or more measurementscorresponding to the antenna subarray indentified by field 302 (FIG. 3),e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 608, the method may include communicating thechannel measurement feedback element including a plurality of sectoridentifiers, each sector identifier identifying an antenna subarray anda sector corresponding to the antenna subarray, and a plurality ofmeasurements corresponding to the plurality of sector identifiers. Forexample, wireless communication unit 110 (FIG. 1) may communicatechannel measurement feedback element 400 (FIG. 4) including plurality ofsector identifiers, e.g., in subfield 408, and a plurality ofmeasurements, for example, in subfields 402, 404 and 408 (FIG. 4),corresponding to the plurality of sector identifiers, e.g., as describedabove.

As indicated at block 610, the method may include selecting theplurality of directional links for the beamformed diversitycommunication based on a channel capacity metric. For example,controller 122 (FIG. 1) may select the plurality of directional linksfor MIMO communication between devices 102 (FIG. 1) and 104 (FIG. 1),based on the channel capacity metric, e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 612, the method may include selecting theplurality of directional links for the beamformed diversitycommunication based on differences in angles of arrival and/ordifferences in angles of departure. For example, controller 122 (FIG. 1)may select the plurality of directional links for MIMO communicationbetween devices 102 (FIG. 1) and 104 (FIG. 1), based on differences inangles of arrival or differences in angles of departure of the Ndirectional links 205 (FIG. 2), e.g., as described above.

As indicated at block 612, the method may include selecting theplurality of directional links for the beamformed diversitycommunication based on a combination of a plurality of SINR valuescorresponding to a plurality of received diversity streams. For example,controller 122 (FIG. 1) may select the plurality of directional linksfor MIMO communication between devices 102 (FIG. 1) and 104 (FIG. 1),based on a combination of a plurality of SINR values of a particulardirectional link of the N directional links 205 (FIG. 2) correspondingto a plurality of received MIMO streams of the particular directionallink, e.g., as described above.

Reference is made to FIG. 7, which schematically illustrates a productof manufacture 700, in accordance with some demonstrative embodiments.Product 700 may include a non-transitory machine-readable storage medium702 to store logic 704, which may be used, for example, to perform atleast part of the functionality of device 102 (FIG. 1), device 104 (FIG.1), wireless communication unit 110 (FIG. 1), wireless communicationunit 120 (FIG. 1), and/or controller 122 (FIG. 1) and/or to perform oneor more operations of the methods of FIG. 5 and FIG. 6. The phrase“non-transitory machine-readable medium” is directed to include allcomputer-readable media, with the sole exception being a transitorypropagating signal.

In some demonstrative embodiments, product 700 and/or machine-readablestorage medium 702 may include one or more types of computer-readablestorage media capable of storing data, including volatile memory,non-volatile memory, removable or non-removable memory, erasable ornon-erasable memory, writeable or re-writeable memory, and the like. Forexample, machine-readable storage medium 702 may include, RAM, DRAM,Double-Data-Rate DRAM (DDR-DRAM), SDRAM, static RAM (SRAM), ROM,programmable ROM (PROM), erasable programmable ROM (EPROM), electricallyerasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), Compact Disk ROM (CD-ROM), CompactDisk Recordable (CD-R), Compact Disk Rewriteable (CD-RW), flash memory(e.g., NOR or NAND flash memory), content addressable memory (CAM),polymer memory, phase-change memory, ferroelectric memory,silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory, a disk, a floppydisk, a hard drive, an optical disk, a magnetic disk, a card, a magneticcard, an optical card, a tape, a cassette, and the like. Thecomputer-readable storage media may include any suitable media involvedwith downloading or transferring a computer program from a remotecomputer to a requesting computer carried by data signals embodied in acarrier wave or other propagation medium through a communication link,e.g., a modem, radio or network connection.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include instructions,data, and/or code, which, if executed by a machine, may cause themachine to perform a method, process and/or operations as describedherein. The machine may include, for example, any suitable processingplatform, computing platform, computing device, processing device,computing system, processing system, computer, processor, or the like,and may be implemented using any suitable combination of hardware,software, firmware, and the like.

In some demonstrative embodiments, logic 704 may include, or may beimplemented as, software, a software module, an application, a program,a subroutine, instructions, an instruction set, computing code, words,values, symbols, and the like. The instructions may include any suitabletype of code, such as source code, compiled code, interpreted code,executable code, static code, dynamic code, and the like. Theinstructions may be implemented according to a predefined computerlanguage, manner or syntax, for instructing a processor to perform acertain function. The instructions may be implemented using any suitablehigh-level, low-level, object-oriented, visual, compiled and/orinterpreted programming language, such as C, C++, Java, BASIC, Matlab,Pascal, Visual BASIC, assembly language, machine code, and the like.

EXAMPLES

The following examples pertain to further embodiments.

Example 1 is an apparatus comprising a controller to control a pluralityof antenna subarrays to form a plurality of directional beams forcommunicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmission over aplurality of selected directional links, which are selected based on atleast one predefined selection metric.

Example 2 includes the subject matter of Example 1 and optionally,wherein the selection metric comprises a channel capacity metric.

Example 3 includes the subject matter of Example 1 or 2 and optionally,wherein the selection metric is based on differences in angles ofarrival, differences in angles of departure, or a combination thereof.

Example 4 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-3 andoptionally, wherein the controller is to determine the selection metricwith respect to a directional link based on a channel matrixcorresponding to the link and a number of transmit antenna subarrays.

Example 5 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-4 andoptionally, wherein the controller is to determine the selection metricwith respect to a directional link based on a combination of a pluralityof Signal-to-Interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) values correspondingto a plurality of received streams of the directional link.

Example 6 includes the subject matter of Example 5 and optionally,wherein the controller is to determine an SINR value of the SINR valuesbased on an effective channel after performing Space-Block-Codeprocessing.

Example 7 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-6 andoptionally, wherein the controller is to communicate a channelmeasurement feedback element including an identifier of an antennasubarray, and one or more measurements corresponding to the antennasubarray.

Example 8 includes the subject matter of Example 7 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 9 includes the subject matter of Example 8 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 10 includes the subject matter of Example 7 and optionally,wherein the controller is to communicate the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of sector identifiers, eachsector identifier identifying an antenna subarray and a sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurement feedbackelement including a plurality of measurements corresponding to theplurality of sector identifiers.

Example 11 includes the subject matter of Example 10 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 12 includes the subject matter of Example 11 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 13 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-12 andoptionally, wherein each of the directional links is formed by a pair ofa transmit (Tx) sector and a Receive (Rx) sector.

Example 14 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-13 andoptionally, wherein the plurality of directional links comprise aplurality of beamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one ormore antenna subarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 15 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-14 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of selected directional links.

Example 16 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 1-15 andoptionally, wherein the wireless transmission comprises a transmissionover a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directional multi-gigabit(DMG) channel.

Example 17 includes apparatus of wireless communication, the apparatuscomprising a controller to control a plurality of antenna subarrays toform a plurality of directional beams for communicating a wirelessbeamformed transmission, the controller is to communicate a channelmeasurement feedback element including an identifier of an antennasubarray of the antenna subarrays, and one or more measurementscorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 18 includes the subject matter of Example 17 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 19 includes the subject matter of Example 18 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 20 includes the subject matter of Example 17 and optionally,wherein the controller is to communicate the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of sector identifiers, eachsector identifier identifying an antenna subarray and a sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurement feedbackelement including a plurality of measurements corresponding to theplurality of sector identifiers.

Example 21 includes the subject matter of Example 20 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 22 includes the subject matter of Example 21 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 23 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-22 andoptionally, wherein the controller is to control the plurality ofantenna subarrays to form the plurality of directional beams forcommunicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmission over theplurality of directional beams.

Example 24 includes the subject matter of Example 23 and optionally,wherein the plurality of directional links comprise a plurality ofbeamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one or more antennasubarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 25 includes the subject matter of Example 23 or 24 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of directional links.

Example 26 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 17-25 andoptionally, wherein the wireless beamformed transmission comprises atransmission over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directionalmulti-gigabit (DMG) channel.

Example 27 includes a system of wireless communication, the systemcomprising at least one wireless communication device to communicate abeamformed diversity wireless transmission, the wireless communicationdevice comprising one or more antenna arrays controllable as a pluralityof antenna subarrays; a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) chains coupledto the plurality of antenna subarrays; and a controller to control theplurality of antenna subarrays to form a plurality of directional beamsfor communicating the beamformed diversity wireless transmission over aplurality of selected directional links, which are selected based on atleast one predefined selection metric.

Example 28 includes the subject matter of Example 27 and optionally,wherein the selection metric comprises a channel capacity metric.

Example 29 includes the subject matter of Example 27 or 28 andoptionally, wherein the selection metric is based on differences inangles of arrival, differences in angles of departure, or a combinationthereof.

The system of any one of claims 27-29, wherein the controller is todetermine the selection metric with respect to a directional link basedon a channel matrix corresponding to the link and a number of transmitantenna subarrays.

Example 30 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-30 andoptionally, wherein the controller is to determine the selection metricwith respect to a directional link based on a combination of a pluralityof Signal-to-Interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) values correspondingto a plurality of received streams of the directional link.

Example 32 includes the subject matter of Example 31 and optionally,wherein the controller is to determine an SINR value of the SINR valuesbased on an effective channel after performing Space-Block-Codeprocessing.

Example 33 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-32 andoptionally, wherein the wireless communication device is to communicatea channel measurement feedback element including an identifier of anantenna subarray, and one or more measurements corresponding to theantenna subarray.

Example 34 includes the subject matter of Example 33 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 35 includes the subject matter of Example 34 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 36 includes the subject matter of Example 33 and optionally,wherein the wireless communication device is to communicate the channelmeasurement feedback element including a plurality of sectoridentifiers, each sector identifier identifying an antenna subarray anda sector corresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of measurements corresponding tothe plurality of sector identifiers.

Example 37 includes the subject matter of Example 36 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 38 includes the subject matter of Example 37 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 39 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-38 andoptionally, wherein each of the directional links is formed by a pair ofa transmit (Tx) sector and a Receive (Rx) sector.

Example 40 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-39 andoptionally, wherein the plurality of directional links comprise aplurality of beamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one ormore antenna subarrays of another wireless communication device.

Example 41 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-40 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of selected directional links.

Example 42 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 27-41 andoptionally, wherein the wireless transmission comprises a transmissionover a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directional multi-gigabit(DMG) channel.

Example 43 includes a system of wireless communication, the systemcomprising at least one wireless communication device comprising: one ormore antenna arrays controllable as a plurality of antenna subarrays; aplurality of Radio Frequency (RF) chains coupled to the plurality ofantenna subarrays; and a controller to control the plurality of antennasubarrays to form a plurality of directional beams for communicating awireless beamformed transmission, the wireless communication device isto communicate a channel measurement feedback element including anidentifier of an antenna subarray of the antenna subarrays, and one ormore measurements corresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 44 includes the subject matter of Example 43 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 45 includes the subject matter of Example 44 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 46 includes the subject matter of Example 43 and optionally,wherein the wireless communication device is to communicate the channelmeasurement feedback element including a plurality of sectoridentifiers, each sector identifier identifying an antenna subarray anda sector corresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of measurements corresponding tothe plurality of sector identifiers.

Example 47 includes the subject matter of Example 46 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 48 includes the subject matter of Example 47 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 49 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 43-48 andoptionally, wherein the controller is to control the plurality ofantenna subarrays to form the plurality of directional beams forcommunicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmission over theplurality of directional beams.

Example 50 includes the subject matter of Example 49 and optionally,wherein the plurality of directional links comprise a plurality ofbeamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one or more antennasubarrays of another wireless communication device.

Example 51 includes the subject matter of Example 49 or 50 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of directional links.

Example 52 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 43-51 andoptionally, wherein the wireless beamformed transmission comprises atransmission over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directionalmulti-gigabit (DMG) channel.

Example 53 includes a method of wireless communication, the methodcomprising: selecting a plurality of directional links for beamformeddiversity wireless communication between a Transmitter (Tx) station anda Receiver (Rx) station, based on at least one predefined selectionmetric; and controlling a plurality of antenna subarrays to form aplurality of directional beams for communicating a beamformed diversitywireless transmission via the plurality of selected directional links.

Example 54 includes the subject matter of Example 53 and optionally,wherein the selection metric comprises a channel capacity metric.

Example 55 includes the subject matter of Example 53 or 54 andoptionally, wherein the selection metric is based on differences inangles of arrival, differences in angles of departure, or a combinationthereof.

Example 56 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-55 andoptionally, comprising determining the selection metric with respect toa directional link based on a channel matrix corresponding to the linkand a number of transmit antenna subarrays.

Example 57 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-56 andoptionally, comprising determining the selection metric with respect toa directional link based on a combination of a plurality ofSignal-to-Interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) values corresponding to aplurality of received streams of the directional link.

Example 58 includes the subject matter of Example 57 and optionally,comprising determining an SINR value of the SINR values based on aneffective channel after performing Space-Block-Code processing.

Example 59 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-58 andoptionally, comprising communicating a channel measurement feedbackelement including an identifier of an antenna subarray, and one or moremeasurements corresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 60 includes the subject matter of Example 59 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 61 includes the subject matter of Example 60 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 62 includes the subject matter of Example 59 and optionally,comprising communicating the channel measurement feedback elementincluding a plurality of sector identifiers, each sector identifieridentifying an antenna subarray and a sector corresponding to theantenna subarray, the channel measurement feedback element including aplurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of sectoridentifiers.

Example 63 includes the subject matter of Example 62 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 64 includes the subject matter of Example 63 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 65 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-64 andoptionally, wherein each of the directional links is formed by a pair ofa transmit (Tx) sector and a Receive (Rx) sector.

Example 66 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-65 andoptionally, wherein the plurality of directional links comprise aplurality of beamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one ormore antenna subarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 67 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-66 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of selected directional links.

Example 68 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 53-67 andoptionally, wherein the wireless transmission comprises a transmissionover a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directional multi-gigabit(DMG) channel.

Example 69 includes a method of wireless communication, the methodcomprising: controlling a plurality of antenna subarrays to form aplurality of directional beams for communicating a wireless beamformedtransmission; and communicating a channel measurement feedback elementincluding an identifier of an antenna subarray of the antenna subarrays,and one or more measurements corresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 70 includes the subject matter of Example 69 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 71 includes the subject matter of Example 70 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 72 includes the subject matter of Example 69 and optionally,comprising communicating the channel measurement feedback elementincluding a plurality of sector identifiers, each sector identifieridentifying an antenna subarray and a sector corresponding to theantenna subarray, the channel measurement feedback element including aplurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of sectoridentifiers.

Example 73 includes the subject matter of Example 62 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 74 includes the subject matter of Example 73 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 75 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 69-74 andoptionally, comprising controlling the plurality of antenna subarrays toform the plurality of directional beams for communicating a beamformeddiversity wireless transmission over the plurality of directional beams.

Example 76 includes the subject matter of Example 75 and optionally,wherein the plurality of directional links comprise a plurality ofbeamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one or more antennasubarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 77 includes the subject matter of Example 75 or 76 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of directional links.

Example 78 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 69-77 andoptionally, wherein the wireless beamformed transmission comprises atransmission over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directionalmulti-gigabit (DMG) channel.

Example 79 includes a product including a non-transitory storage mediumhaving stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a machine,result in selecting a plurality of directional links for beamformeddiversity wireless communication between a Transmitter (Tx) station anda Receiver (Rx) station, based on at least one predefined selectionmetric; and controlling a plurality of antenna subarrays to form aplurality of directional beams for communicating a beamformed diversitywireless transmission via the plurality of selected directional links.

Example 80 includes the subject matter of Example 79 and optionally,wherein the selection metric comprises a channel capacity metric.

Example 81 includes the subject matter of Example 79 or 80 andoptionally, wherein the selection metric is based on differences inangles of arrival, differences in angles of departure, or a combinationthereof.

Example 82 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-81 andoptionally, wherein the instructions result in determining the selectionmetric with respect to a directional link based on a channel matrixcorresponding to the link and a number of transmit antenna subarrays.

Example 83 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-82 andoptionally, wherein the instructions result in determining the selectionmetric with respect to a directional link based on a combination of aplurality of Signal-to-Interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) valuescorresponding to a plurality of received streams of the directionallink.

Example 84 includes the subject matter of Example 83 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in determining an SINR value of the SINRvalues based on an effective channel after performing Space-Block-Codeprocessing.

Example 85 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-84 andoptionally, wherein the instructions result in communicating a channelmeasurement feedback element including an identifier of an antennasubarray, and one or more measurements corresponding to the antennasubarray.

Example 86 includes the subject matter of Example 85 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 87 includes the subject matter of Example 86 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 88 includes the subject matter of Example 85 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in communicating the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of sector identifiers, eachsector identifier identifying an antenna subarray and a sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurement feedbackelement including a plurality of measurements corresponding to theplurality of sector identifiers.

Example 89 includes the subject matter of Example 88 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 90 includes the subject matter of Example 89 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 91 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-90 andoptionally, wherein each of the directional links is formed by a pair ofa transmit (Tx) sector and a Receive (Rx) sector.

Example 92 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-91 andoptionally, wherein the plurality of directional links comprise aplurality of beamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one ormore antenna subarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 93 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-92 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of selected directional links.

Example 94 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 79-93 andoptionally, wherein the wireless transmission comprises a transmissionover a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directional multi-gigabit(DMG) channel.

Example 95 includes a product including a non-transitory storage mediumhaving stored thereon instructions that, when executed by a machine,result in controlling a plurality of antenna subarrays to form aplurality of directional beams for communicating a wireless beamformedtransmission; and communicating a channel measurement feedback elementincluding an identifier of an antenna subarray of the antenna subarrays,and one or more measurements corresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 96 includes the subject matter of Example 95 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 97 includes the subject matter of Example 96 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 98 includes the subject matter of Example 95 and optionally,wherein the instructions result in communicating the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of sector identifiers, eachsector identifier identifying an antenna subarray and a sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurement feedbackelement including a plurality of measurements corresponding to theplurality of sector identifiers.

Example 99 includes the subject matter of Example 98 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 100 includes the subject matter of Example 99 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 101 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 95-100and optionally, wherein the instructions result in controlling theplurality of antenna subarrays to form the plurality of directionalbeams for communicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmissionover the plurality of directional beams.

Example 102 includes the subject matter of Example 101 and optionally,wherein the plurality of directional links comprise a plurality ofbeamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one or more antennasubarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 103 includes the subject matter of Example 101 or 102 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of directional links.

Example 104 includes the subject matter of any one of Example 95-103 andoptionally, wherein the wireless beamformed transmission comprises atransmission over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directionalmulti-gigabit (DMG) channel.

Example 105 includes an apparatus of wireless communication, theapparatus comprising means for selecting a plurality of directionallinks for beamformed diversity wireless communication between aTransmitter (Tx) station and a Receiver (Rx) station, based on at leastone predefined selection metric; and means for controlling a pluralityof antenna subarrays to form a plurality of directional beams forcommunicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmission via theplurality of selected directional links.

Example 106 includes the subject matter of Example 105 and optionally,wherein the selection metric comprises a channel capacity metric.

Example 107 includes the subject matter of Example 105 or 106 andoptionally, wherein the selection metric is based on differences inangles of arrival, differences in angles of departure, or a combinationthereof.

Example 108 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-107and optionally, comprising means for determining the selection metricwith respect to a directional link based on a channel matrixcorresponding to the link and a number of transmit antenna subarrays.

Example 109 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-108and optionally, comprising means for determining the selection metricwith respect to a directional link based on a combination of a pluralityof Signal-to-Interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) values correspondingto a plurality of received streams of the directional link.

Example 110 includes the subject matter of Example 109 and optionally,comprising means for determining an SINR value of the SINR values basedon an effective channel after performing Space-Block-Code processing.

Example 111 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-110and optionally, comprising means for communicating a channel measurementfeedback element including an identifier of an antenna subarray, and oneor more measurements corresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 112 includes the subject matter of Example 111 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 113 includes the subject matter of Example 112 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 114 includes the subject matter of Example 111 and optionally,comprising means for communicating the channel measurement feedbackelement including a plurality of sector identifiers, each sectoridentifier identifying an antenna subarray and a sector corresponding tothe antenna subarray, the channel measurement feedback element includinga plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of sectoridentifiers.

Example 115 includes the subject matter of Example 114 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 116 includes the subject matter of Example 115 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 117 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-116and optionally, wherein each of the directional links is formed by apair of a transmit (Tx) sector and a Receive (Rx) sector.

Example 118 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-117and optionally, wherein the plurality of directional links comprise aplurality of beamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one ormore antenna subarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 119 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-118and optionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of selected directional links.

Example 120 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 105-119and optionally, wherein the wireless transmission comprises atransmission over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directionalmulti-gigabit (DMG) channel.

Example 121 includes an apparatus of wireless communication, theapparatus comprising means for controlling a plurality of antennasubarrays to form a plurality of directional beams for communicating awireless beamformed transmission; and means for communicating a channelmeasurement feedback element including an identifier of an antennasubarray of the antenna subarrays, and one or more measurementscorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 122 includes the subject matter of Example 121 and optionally,wherein the channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein the identifier is included in a field ofthe beam refinement element.

Example 123 includes the subject matter of Example 122 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.

Example 124 includes the subject matter of Example 121 and optionally,comprising means for communicating the channel measurement feedbackelement including a plurality of sector identifiers, each sectoridentifier identifying an antenna subarray and a sector corresponding tothe antenna subarray, the channel measurement feedback element includinga plurality of measurements corresponding to the plurality of sectoridentifiers.

Example 125 includes the subject matter of Example 124 and optionally,wherein the identifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.

Example 126 includes the subject matter of Example 125 and optionally,wherein the sector number comprises an 8-bit number.

Example 127 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-126and optionally, comprising means for controlling the plurality ofantenna subarrays to form the plurality of directional beams forcommunicating a beamformed diversity wireless transmission over theplurality of directional beams.

Example 128 includes the subject matter of Example 127 and optionally,wherein the plurality of directional links comprise a plurality ofbeamformed links between the antenna subarrays and one or more antennasubarrays of a wireless communication device.

Example 129 includes the subject matter of Example 127 or 128 andoptionally, wherein the beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission overthe plurality of directional links.

Example 130 includes the subject matter of any one of Examples 121-129and optionally, wherein the wireless beamformed transmission comprises atransmission over a millimeter wave (mmWave) channel, or a directionalmulti-gigabit (DMG) channel.

Functions, operations, components and/or features described herein withreference to one or more embodiments, may be combined with, or may beutilized in combination with, one or more other functions, operations,components and/or features described herein with reference to one ormore other embodiments, or vice versa.

While certain features of the invention have been illustrated anddescribed herein, many modifications, substitutions, changes, andequivalents may occur to those skilled in the art. It is, therefore, tobe understood that the appended claims are intended to cover all suchmodifications and changes as fall within the true spirit of theinvention.

What is claimed is:
 1. An apparatus comprising: a controller to controla plurality of antenna subarrays of a first wireless communicationdevice to form a plurality of directional beams to communicate abeamformed diversity wireless transmission between said first wirelesscommunication device and a second wireless communication device over aplurality of selected directional links, which are selected based on atleast one predefined selection metric, said controller is to communicatea channel measurement feedback element including a plurality of sectoridentifiers, each sector identifier identifying an antenna subarray anda sector corresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of measurements corresponding tosaid plurality of sector identifiers.
 2. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein said selection metric comprises a channel capacity metric. 3.The apparatus of claim 1, wherein said selection metric is based ondifferences in angles of arrival, differences in angles of departure, ora combination thereof.
 4. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein saidcontroller is to determine the selection metric with respect to adirectional link based on a channel matrix corresponding to the link anda number of transmit antenna subarrays.
 5. The apparatus of claim 1,wherein said controller is to determine the selection metric withrespect to a directional link based on a combination of a plurality ofSignal-to-Interference-plus-noise-ratio (SINR) values corresponding to aplurality of received streams of said directional link.
 6. The apparatusof claim 5, wherein said controller is to determine an SINR value ofsaid SINR values based on an effective channel after performingSpace-Block-Code processing.
 7. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein saidchannel measurement feedback element comprises a beam refinementelement, and wherein said sector identifier is included in a field ofsaid beam refinement element.
 8. The apparatus of claim 7, wherein saidsector identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.
 9. The apparatus ofclaim 1, wherein said sector identifier comprises a sector numberrepresenting the sector corresponding to the antenna subarray.
 10. Theapparatus of claim 9, wherein said sector number comprises an 8-bitnumber.
 11. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein each of said plurality ofselected directional links is formed by a pair of a transmit (Tx) sectorand a Receive (Rx) sector.
 12. The apparatus of claim 1, wherein saidplurality of selected directional links comprise a plurality ofbeamformed links between said antenna subarrays and one or more antennasubarrays of said second wireless communication device.
 13. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein said beamformed diversity wirelesstransmission comprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wirelesstransmission over said plurality of selected directional links.
 14. Theapparatus of claim 1, wherein said beamformed diversity wirelesstransmission comprises a transmission over a millimeter wave (mmWave)channel, or a directional multi-gigabit (DMG) channel.
 15. A systemcomprising: at least one first wireless communication device comprising:one or more antenna arrays controllable as a plurality of antennasubarrays; a plurality of Radio Frequency (RF) chains coupled to saidplurality of antenna subarrays; and a controller to control saidplurality of antenna subarrays to form a plurality of directional beamsto communicate a wireless beamformed transmission between said firstwireless communication device and a second wireless communicationdevice, said first wireless communication device is to communicate achannel measurement feedback element including a plurality of sectoridentifiers, each sector identifier identifying an antenna subarray anda sector corresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of measurements corresponding tosaid plurality of sector identifiers.
 16. The system of claim 15,wherein said channel measurement feedback element comprises a beamrefinement element, and wherein said sector identifier is included in afield of said beam refinement element.
 17. The system of claim 16,wherein said sector identifier comprises a three-bit identifier.
 18. Thesystem of claim 15, wherein said sector identifier comprises a sectornumber representing the sector corresponding to the antenna subarray.19. The system of claim 18, wherein said sector number comprises an8-bit number.
 20. The system of claim 15, wherein said controller is tocontrol said plurality of antenna subarrays to form said plurality ofdirectional beams to communicate a beamformed diversity wirelesstransmission over said plurality of directional beams.
 21. The system ofclaim 20, wherein said beamformed diversity wireless transmissioncomprises a multi-input-multi-output (MIMO) wireless transmission oversaid plurality of directional links.
 22. A method comprising:communicating a channel measurement feedback element including aplurality of sector identifiers, each sector identifier identifying anantenna subarray and a sector corresponding to the antenna subarray, thechannel measurement feedback element including a plurality ofmeasurements corresponding to said plurality of sector identifiers;selecting a plurality of selected directional links for beamformeddiversity wireless communication between a Transmitter (Tx) station anda Receiver (Rx) station, based on at least one predefined selectionmetric; and controlling a plurality of antenna subarrays to form aplurality of directional beams to communicate a beamformed diversitywireless transmission via said plurality of selected directional links.23. The method of claim 22, wherein said selection metric comprises achannel capacity metric.
 24. The method of claim 22, wherein said sectoridentifier comprises a sector number representing the sectorcorresponding to the antenna subarray.
 25. A product including anon-transitory storage medium having stored thereon instructions that,when executed by a machine, result in: communicating a channelmeasurement feedback element including a plurality of sectoridentifiers, each sector identifier identifying an antenna subarray anda sector corresponding to the antenna subarray, the channel measurementfeedback element including a plurality of measurements corresponding tosaid plurality of sector identifiers; selecting a plurality of selecteddirectional links for beamformed diversity wireless communicationbetween a Transmitter (Tx) station and a Receiver (Rx) station, based onat least one predefined selection metric; and controlling a plurality ofantenna subarrays to form a plurality of directional beams tocommunicate a beamformed diversity wireless transmission via saidplurality of selected directional links.
 26. The product of claim 25,wherein said selection metric comprises a channel capacity metric. 27.The product of claim 25, wherein said sector identifier comprises asector number representing the sector corresponding to the antennasubarray.